PATHS Follow-up Report

Last data update: April 2024 monthly dataset (imported April 1, 2024) and 6 month followup (imported April 1, 2024). Observations from the VFC sample is NOT included in this data report

1 Screening funnel

2 Demographics

Prefer not to answer responses are considered as “Missing/Unknown;” they are not displayed but are factored in the calculations of column percents.

Characteristic LA County Homeless Demographic Survey 2023 (n=3,202) All baselines, N = 1,180 Winter 2023/Spring 2024, N = 498
Age
18-24 6% 9% 10%
25-39 33% 45% 43%
40-49 23% 22% 24%
50-59 21% 17% 15%
60+ 16% 7% 8%
Sex
Male 68% 54% 50%
Female 29% 43% 47%
Other 3% 2% 2%
Race/ethnicity
White (NH) 23% 28% 24%
Black/African American (NH) 33% 27% 25%
Asian American (NH) 2% 2% 2%
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH) 0% 1% 0%
American Indian/Alaskan Native (NH) 2% 1% 1%
Any Hispanic/Latino 35% 35% 40%
Multiracial (NH) or another race 5% 8% 8%
Last night housing status at prescreen
Unsheltered ??% 84% 86%
Outside ??% 23% 19%
Tent/makeshift shelter ??% 23% 19%
Bus/train station, airport ??% 1% 1%
Abandoned building ??% 2% 1%
Vehicle ??% 35% 45%
Shelter, temporary housing, hotel provided by agency ??% 12% 11%
Doubled up/Hotel I paid for ??% 4% 3%
Someone else apt/home ??% 3% 2%
Hotel I paid for ??% 1% 0%
Own apartment/home ??% 0% 0%

3 Health

3.1 Health by sample

Prefer not to answer for outcome variables are coded as “No” and factored in to the percents.

3.2 Health by shelter status

Prefer not to answer for outcome variables are coded as “No” and factored in to the percents.

Mental and physical health indicators of monthly responses from unsheltered respondents at prescreen, by last night housing status
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 5751 Sheltered, N = 691 Doubled up/self-paid hotel, N = 541 Housed in own home, N = 321 p-value2
Self-rated physical health - Poor/Fair 51% 52% 44% 50% 0.8
Anxiety (GAD2) 46% 43% 48% 34% 0.6
Depression (PHQ2) 45% 49% 43% 47% 0.9
Regular smoker (this month) 36% 32% 26% 28% 0.4
Unvaccinated 42% 31% 35% 43% 0.5
Food insecure - past week 71% 51% 54% 28% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test

4 Policing

All monthlies since April 2023 If not shown, prefer not to answer for outcome variables are coded as “No” and factored in to the percents. Other than the variable for experiencing sweeps and seeing as 41.18 sign, for the demographic/housing stratifying variables, PNTAs are coded as “Missing” and thus are not included.

Overall
Characteristic N = 3,6891
Any concerns about camping laws 49.7%
Contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 15.6%
Cited for staying on street, past 30 days 4.5%
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 32.6%
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days 30.1%
1 %
By last night housing status
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 2,3261 Sheltered, N = 5941 Doubled up/self-paid hotel, N = 3481 Housed in own home, N = 2401 p-value2
Any concerns about camping laws 60.4% 35.7% 37.6% 21.7% <0.001
Contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 19.2% 10.1% 12.1% 5.8% <0.001
Cited for staying on street, past 30 days 6.2% 1.5% 2.0% 0.4% <0.001
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 35.2% 33.0% 30.7% 18.8% <0.001
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days 37.4% 20.5% 20.7% 9.6% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By last night shelter status
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 2,3261 Sheltered, N = 5941 p-value2
Any concerns about camping laws 60.4% 35.7% <0.001
Contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 19.2% 10.1% <0.001
Cited for staying on street, past 30 days 6.2% 1.5% <0.001
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 35.2% 33.0% 0.3
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days 37.4% 20.5% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By last night shelter status in the previous observation
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 2,0521 Sheltered, N = 5421 p-value2
Any concerns about camping laws 58.6% 33.0% <0.001
Contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 17.9% 8.7% <0.001
Cited for staying on street, past 30 days 5.8% 0.7% <0.001
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 34.9% 35.4% 0.8
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days 36.5% 18.1% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By race
Characteristic White (NH), N = 9361 Black/African American (NH), N = 1,0161 Any Hispanic/Latino, N = 1,3201 p-value2
Any concerns about camping laws 59.9% 45.0% 49.5% <0.001
Contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 19.7% 11.0% 16.1% <0.001
Cited for staying on street, past 30 days 5.9% 2.8% 4.9% 0.003
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 27.2% 33.8% 31.8% 0.006
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days 27.0% 31.8% 32.0% 0.024
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By sex
Characteristic Male, N = 1,8311 Female/Other, N = 1,8331 p-value2
Any concerns about camping laws 51.8% 47.7% 0.013
Contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 14.5% 16.5% 0.094
Cited for staying on street, past 30 days 4.1% 4.9% 0.2
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 38.6% 26.5% <0.001
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days 32.8% 27.1% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By experiences of sweep (past 30 days)
Characteristic Not swept, N = 2,5781 Swept, N = 1,1111 p-value2
Any concerns about camping laws 40.1% 72.1% <0.001
Contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 9.8% 29.2% <0.001
Cited for staying on street, past 30 days 2.3% 9.4% <0.001
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 22.8% 55.1% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By experiences of sweep (past 30 days) among respondents in the City of LA only
Characteristic Not swept, N = 1,3831 Swept, N = 6431 p-value2
Any concerns about camping laws 44.3% 74.8% <0.001
Contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 11.1% 30.9% <0.001
Cited for staying on street, past 30 days 3.3% 11.3% <0.001
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 27.5% 62.8% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By notification of 41.18 enforcement
Characteristic Did not see 41.18 sign, N = 2,4881 Saw 41.18 sign, N = 1,2011 p-value2
Any concerns about camping laws 43.5% 62.5% <0.001
Contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 13.2% 20.7% <0.001
Cited for staying on street, past 30 days 3.5% 6.4% <0.001
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days 20.1% 51.0% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test

4.0.1 Concerned about camping laws

4.0.2 Contact with police, past 30 days

4.0.3 Cited for staying on the street, past 30 days

4.0.4 Swept/told to move, past 30 days

5 Sweeps

All monthlies since April 2023

5.1 Sweep outcomes

If not shown, prefer not to answer for outcome variables are coded as “No” and factored in to the percents.

Characteristic N = 3601
Number of times been swept so far 2.00 (1.00, 3.00)
1 Median (IQR)
Characteristic N = 3,6891
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days
    Prefer not to answer 293 (7.9%)
    None 0 (0%)
    I don't know 411 (11%)
    No 1,874 (51%)
    Yes 1,111 (30%)
Sweep: Offered housing or shelter option
    Prefer not to answer 29 (2.6%)
    None 0 (0%)
    I don't know 80 (7.2%)
    No 854 (77%)
    Yes 148 (13%)
    Unknown 2,578
sweep_offer_accept
    Prefer not to answer 16 (11%)
    None 0 (0%)
    I don't know 0 (0%)
    No 48 (32%)
    Yes 84 (57%)
    Unknown 3,541
1 n (%)
Experiences of sweep (among all observations between April 2023 to April 2024)
Characteristic N = 3,6891
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 1,201 (33%)
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days
    No 1,874 (51%)
    Yes 1,111 (30%)
    Prefer not to answer 293 (8%)
    I don't know 411 (11%)
Sweep: Told to move by police, past 30 days 550 (15%)
Sweep: Told to move by sanitation worker, past 30 days 348 (9%)
Sweep: Told to move by outreach worker, past 30 days 169 (5%)
Sweep: Told to move by other person, past 30 days 306 (8%)
Sweep: Offered housing/shelter 148 (4%)
Sweep: Accepted housing/shelter offer 84 (2%)
Sweep: Accepted & staying in housing/shelter offer 56 (2%)
Sweep: Stayed/came back to the swept location 521 (14%)
Sweep: Moved locations and stayed away 261 (7%)
1 n (%)
Experiences of sweep, by location (among all observations with location data between April 2023 to April 2024)
Characteristic Outside LA City, N = 1,1171 Inside LA City, N = 2,0261 p-value2
Seen signs of LAMC 41.18 enforcement, past 30 days 310 (28%) 784 (39%) <0.001
Sweep: Told to move, past 30 days 356 (32%) 643 (32%) >0.9
Sweep: Told to move by police, past 30 days 201 (18%) 302 (15%) 0.024
Sweep: Told to move by sanitation worker, past 30 days 65 (6%) 248 (12%) <0.001
Sweep: Told to move by outreach worker, past 30 days 72 (6%) 82 (4%) 0.003
Sweep: Told to move by other person, past 30 days 93 (8%) 186 (9%) 0.4
Sweep: Offered housing/shelter 64 (6%) 70 (3%) 0.003
Sweep: Accepted housing/shelter offer 35 (3%) 42 (2%) 0.066
Sweep: Accepted & staying in housing/shelter offer 24 (2%) 27 (1%) 0.083
Sweep: Stayed/came back to the swept location 160 (14%) 317 (16%) 0.3
Sweep: Moved locations and stayed away 84 (8%) 145 (7%) 0.7
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test




Among observations that experienced a sweep (n=1111)

Outcome of sweep for observations with data on their final status
Characteristic N = 8661
Sweep: Outcome (consolidated)
    Undetermined 0 (0%)
    Prefer not to answer 0 (0%)
    I don't know 0 (0%)
    Was not swept 0 (0%)
    Swept but did not move 245 (28%)
    Swept and temporarily moved locations 276 (32%)
    Swept and moved locations and stayed away 261 (30%)
    Swept and moved into housing 28 (3.2%)
    Swept and moved and stayed in housing 56 (6.5%)
1 n (%)
Outcome of sweep for observations that did not get offered housing and with data on final status
Characteristic N = 7371
Sweep: Outcome (consolidated)
    Undetermined 0 (0%)
    Prefer not to answer 0 (0%)
    I don't know 0 (0%)
    Was not swept 0 (0%)
    Swept but did not move 230 (31%)
    Swept and temporarily moved locations 265 (36%)
    Swept and moved locations and stayed away 242 (33%)
    Swept and moved into housing 0 (0%)
    Swept and moved and stayed in housing 0 (0%)
1 n (%)
Outcome of sweep for observations that did not get offered housing or accept housing and with data on final status
Characteristic N = 9631
Sweep: Stayed in location that was swept
    Prefer not to answer 51 (6.5%)
    Yes, I stayed 230 (29%)
    No, I moved streets/locations but then I came back 265 (34%)
    No, I moved locations and have stayed away 242 (31%)
    Unknown 175
1 n (%)
Outcome of sweep for observations that did not get offered housing or accept housing and with data on final status
Characteristic N = 1,0271
Sweep: Stayed in location that was swept
    Prefer not to answer 54 (6.5%)
    Yes, I stayed 245 (29%)
    No, I moved streets/locations but then I came back 276 (33%)
    No, I moved locations and have stayed away 261 (31%)
    Unknown 191
1 n (%)




5.2 Sweep funnel




5.3 Sweep outcomes by location

Experiences of sweep, by location (among all observations with location data between April 2023 to April 2024)

(row percentages are shown in below table)
Characteristic No, N = 2,5781 Yes, N = 1,1111 p-value2
Main SPA location/neighborhood falls in

<0.001
    1 62 (65%) 33 (35%)
    2 339 (66%) 173 (34%)
    3 140 (64%) 79 (36%)
    4 651 (72%) 254 (28%)
    5 308 (75%) 105 (25%)
    6 324 (66%) 170 (34%)
    7 127 (68%) 61 (32%)
    8 184 (60%) 123 (40%)
Currently in LA City

>0.9
    Outside LA City 761 (68%) 356 (32%)
    Inside LA City 1,383 (68%) 643 (32%)
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
(column percentages are shown in below table)
Characteristic No, N = 2,5781 Yes, N = 1,1111 p-value2
Main SPA location/neighborhood falls in

<0.001
    1 62 (3%) 33 (3%)
    2 339 (16%) 173 (17%)
    3 140 (7%) 79 (8%)
    4 651 (30%) 254 (25%)
    5 308 (14%) 105 (11%)
    6 324 (15%) 170 (17%)
    7 127 (6%) 61 (6%)
    8 184 (9%) 123 (12%)
Currently in LA City

>0.9
    Outside LA City 761 (35%) 356 (36%)
    Inside LA City 1,383 (65%) 643 (64%)
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
(row percentages are shown in below table, among respondents who were swept)
Characteristic No housing offer, N = 9631 Offered housing, N = 1481
Main SPA location/neighborhood falls in

    1 30 (91%) 3 (9%)
    2 154 (89%) 19 (11%)
    3 63 (80%) 16 (20%)
    4 232 (91%) 22 (9%)
    5 96 (91%) 9 (9%)
    6 142 (84%) 28 (16%)
    7 50 (82%) 11 (18%)
    8 98 (80%) 25 (20%)
Currently in LA City

    Outside LA City 292 (82%) 64 (18%)
    Inside LA City 573 (89%) 70 (11%)
1 n (%)
(column percentages are shown in below table, among respondents who were swept)
Characteristic No housing offer, N = 9631 Offered housing, N = 1481
Main SPA location/neighborhood falls in

    1 30 (3%) 3 (2%)
    2 154 (18%) 19 (14%)
    3 63 (7%) 16 (12%)
    4 232 (27%) 22 (17%)
    5 96 (11%) 9 (7%)
    6 142 (16%) 28 (21%)
    7 50 (6%) 11 (8%)
    8 98 (11%) 25 (19%)
Currently in LA City

    Outside LA City 292 (34%) 64 (48%)
    Inside LA City 573 (66%) 70 (52%)
1 n (%)







5.4 Type of housing offer

Type of housing offered
Characteristic N = 1481
Sweep: Housing offer, Temporary stay in motel/hotel-like setting 49 (33%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Bridge housing or transitional housing program 26 (18%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Congregate (group) shelter 36 (24%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Private room in shelter 18 (12%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Supportive housing 14 (9%)
Sweep: Housing offer, A tiny home 12 (8%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Other 11 (7%)
1 n (%)
Type of housing offered and accepted (row percentages shown)
Characteristic No, N = 641 Yes, N = 841
Sweep: Housing offer, Temporary stay in motel/hotel-like setting 13 (27%) 36 (73%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Bridge housing or transitional housing program 4 (15%) 22 (85%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Congregate (group) shelter 20 (56%) 16 (44%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Private room in shelter 8 (44%) 10 (56%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Supportive housing 4 (29%) 10 (71%)
Sweep: Housing offer, A tiny home 6 (50%) 6 (50%)
Sweep: Housing offer, Other 8 (73%) 3 (27%)
1 n (%)

5.5 Dislocation by swept status

Prefer not to answer and i dont know responses for sweep is not included in this table

Moved locations where slept, by sweep status (among all observations between April 2023 and April 2024)
Characteristic Not swept, N = 1,8741 Swept, N = 1,1111 p-value2
Moved locations: Times moved, past 30 days 1.9 (4.59) 3.5 (5.32) <0.001
Moved locations: Any time, past 30 days 588 (49%) 615 (51%) <0.001
1 Mean (SD); n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

5.6 Person-level sweep outcomes

Prefer not to answer responses for “ever swept” is coded as “No” and are factored into percent calculations. Prefer not to answer responses for Demographics are coded as “Missing”

Total experiences of sweep among April 2023 to April 2024 respondents (using their last observation)
Characteristic N = 1,6971
Ever swept across monthlies 1,035 (61%)
Number of times been swept so far 1.7 (2.37)
Ever been offered housing (if swept) across monthlies 259 (25%)
Ever accepted housing offer (if swept) across monthlies 159 (15%)
Ever stayed in housing offer (if swept) across monthlies 114 (11%)
Number of monthlies completed since April 2023 9.2 (6.54)
1 n (%); Mean (SD)
Demographics of respondents who were ever swept (column percentages are shown)
Characteristic Never swept, N = 6621 Ever swept, N = 1,0351 p-value2
Race/ethnicity (condensed)

0.3
    White (NH) 174 (26%) 252 (24%)
    Black/African American (NH) 169 (26%) 269 (26%)
    Any Hispanic/Latino 232 (35%) 403 (39%)
    Other/Multiracial 55 (8.3%) 63 (6.1%)
    Prefer not to answer 32 (4.8%) 48 (4.6%)
Sex (2 cat)

0.013
    Male 307 (46%) 533 (51%)
    Female/Other 353 (53%) 490 (47%)
    Prefer not to answer 2 (0.3%) 12 (1.2%)
Any physical health condition diagnosis 289 (44%) 522 (50%) 0.006
Ever received treatment for drug/alcohol use 132 (20%) 309 (30%) <0.001
Years homeless

<0.001
    < 1 year 166 (25%) 164 (16%)
    1-4 years 302 (46%) 395 (38%)
    5-9 years 107 (16%) 282 (27%)
    10 years + 76 (12%) 191 (19%)
Prior criminal justice involvement 271 (41%) 521 (50%) <0.001
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test

6 Discrimination and Violence

Among April 2023 to April 2024 sample

Prefer not to answer responses for the outcomes are not shown but factored into the percent calculations. Prefer not to answer responses for the stratifying variables are coded as “Missing”.

Overall
Characteristic N = 3,6891
Everyday discrimination- daily, past 30 days 30.6%
Violence, past 30d: Physical hurt or attacked 13.6%
Violence, past 30d: Sexually attacked, abused, harassed 7.7%
Harassment, past 30d: Property theft 23.7%
Harassment, past 30d: Verbally insulted/harassed 24.2%
Harassment, past 30d: Had or threatened to have police called on 13.3%
Harassment, past 30d: Threatened with physical or sexual violence 11.6%
Disrespectful contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 6.3%
1 %
By last night housing status
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 2,3261 Sheltered, N = 5941 Doubled up/self-paid hotel, N = 3481 Housed in own home, N = 2401 p-value2
Everyday discrimination- daily, past 30 days 34.0% 29.8% 23.3% 20.4% <0.001
Violence, past 30d: Physical hurt or attacked 15.9% 13.0% 9.5% 2.9% <0.001
Violence, past 30d: Sexually attacked, abused, harassed 9.1% 6.2% 6.0% 2.5% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Property theft 28.4% 20.4% 18.1% 5.8% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Verbally insulted/harassed 25.8% 26.5% 22.1% 13.3% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Had or threatened to have police called on 16.6% 8.9% 10.9% 2.9% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Threatened with physical or sexual violence 13.0% 10.8% 8.9% 8.8% 0.038
Disrespectful contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 8.6% 3.4% 3.2% 0.0% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By last night shelter status
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 2,3261 Sheltered, N = 5941 p-value2
Everyday discrimination- daily, past 30 days 34.0% 29.8% 0.053
Violence, past 30d: Physical hurt or attacked 15.9% 13.0% 0.077
Violence, past 30d: Sexually attacked, abused, harassed 9.1% 6.2% 0.027
Harassment, past 30d: Property theft 28.4% 20.4% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Verbally insulted/harassed 25.8% 26.5% 0.7
Harassment, past 30d: Had or threatened to have police called on 16.6% 8.9% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Threatened with physical or sexual violence 13.0% 10.8% 0.2
Disrespectful contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 8.6% 3.4% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By race
Characteristic White (NH), N = 9361 Black/African American (NH), N = 1,0161 Any Hispanic/Latino, N = 1,3201 p-value2
Everyday discrimination- daily, past 30 days 31.2% 31.4% 28.7% 0.3
Violence, past 30d: Physical hurt or attacked 12.5% 12.1% 14.8% 0.12
Violence, past 30d: Sexually attacked, abused, harassed 6.4% 6.0% 10.0% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Property theft 28.5% 19.3% 23.4% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Verbally insulted/harassed 27.5% 21.1% 23.6% 0.003
Harassment, past 30d: Had or threatened to have police called on 19.7% 10.9% 10.9% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Threatened with physical or sexual violence 13.7% 10.3% 10.9% 0.045
Disrespectful contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 8.6% 4.0% 6.5% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By sex
Characteristic Male, N = 1,8311 Female/Other, N = 1,8331 p-value2
Everyday discrimination- daily, past 30 days 34.4% 26.4% <0.001
Violence, past 30d: Physical hurt or attacked 14.5% 12.6% 0.10
Violence, past 30d: Sexually attacked, abused, harassed 7.0% 8.4% 0.13
Harassment, past 30d: Property theft 25.8% 21.5% 0.002
Harassment, past 30d: Verbally insulted/harassed 23.2% 25.0% 0.2
Harassment, past 30d: Had or threatened to have police called on 14.2% 12.3% 0.093
Harassment, past 30d: Threatened with physical or sexual violence 11.2% 11.8% 0.6
Disrespectful contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 5.9% 6.5% 0.5
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By experiences of sweep (past 30 days)
Characteristic Not swept, N = 1,8741 Swept, N = 1,1111 p-value2
Everyday discrimination- daily, past 30 days 26.1% 42.9% <0.001
Violence, past 30d: Physical hurt or attacked 9.3% 24.3% <0.001
Violence, past 30d: Sexually attacked, abused, harassed 5.5% 12.5% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Property theft 18.4% 39.7% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Verbally insulted/harassed 21.0% 36.0% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Had or threatened to have police called on 9.1% 24.3% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Threatened with physical or sexual violence 9.5% 17.4% <0.001
Disrespectful contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 3.9% 13.2% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By experiences of sweep (past 30 days) among unsheltered respondents
Characteristic Not swept, N = 1,1041 Swept, N = 8691 p-value2
Everyday discrimination- daily, past 30 days 27.9% 43.5% <0.001
Violence, past 30d: Physical hurt or attacked 9.8% 25.6% <0.001
Violence, past 30d: Sexually attacked, abused, harassed 6.2% 13.3% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Property theft 21.5% 41.5% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Verbally insulted/harassed 21.0% 36.2% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Had or threatened to have police called on 11.2% 26.0% <0.001
Harassment, past 30d: Threatened with physical or sexual violence 9.5% 18.7% <0.001
Disrespectful contact with police/law enforcement, past 30 days 5.6% 15.0% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test

6.1 Perpetuator of violence

Among all respondents
Characteristic N = 3,6891
Experienced violence from a friend, relative, or family 87 (2.4%)
Experienced violence from a casual acquaintance 169 (4.6%)
Experienced violence from law enforcement or city worker 70 (1.9%)
Experienced violence from a stranger 348 (9.5%)
Other 53 (1.4%)
1 n (%)
Among all respondents, by swept status
Characteristic Not swept, N = 1,8741 Swept, N = 1,1111 p-value2
Experienced violence from a friend, relative, or family 25 (1.3%) 55 (5.0%) <0.001
Experienced violence from a casual acquaintance 57 (3.0%) 99 (8.9%) <0.001
Experienced violence from law enforcement or city worker 23 (1.2%) 36 (3.2%) <0.001
Experienced violence from a stranger 123 (6.6%) 188 (17.0%) <0.001
Other 27 (1.4%) 21 (1.9%) 0.3
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
Among unsheltered respondents
Characteristic N = 2,3261
Experienced violence from a friend, relative, or family 68 (2.9%)
Experienced violence from a casual acquaintance 130 (5.6%)
Experienced violence from law enforcement or city worker 55 (2.4%)
Experienced violence from a stranger 253 (10.9%)
Other 35 (1.5%)
1 n (%)
Among unsheltered respondents, by swept status
Characteristic Not swept, N = 1,1041 Swept, N = 8691 p-value2
Experienced violence from a friend, relative, or family 14 (1.3%) 51 (5.9%) <0.001
Experienced violence from a casual acquaintance 34 (3.1%) 83 (9.6%) <0.001
Experienced violence from law enforcement or city worker 16 (1.5%) 33 (3.8%) <0.001
Experienced violence from a stranger 75 (6.8%) 155 (17.9%) <0.001
Other 16 (1.5%) 15 (1.7%) 0.6
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test

7 Housing trajectories

7.1 Current month housing situation

Last night housing status among all observations between April 2022 to April 2024

Prefer not to answer responses are not shown but are factored into the percent calculations.

7.2 All housing situations in the past month

Prefer not to answer responses are not shown but are factored into the percent calculations.
Sleeping situation in the past month across observations since April 2023
Stayed in multiple housing situations in the past month 34.8%
Stayed in unsheltered situation in the past month 73%
Stayed in shelter in the past month 18.7%
Stayed in doubled up or self-paid hotel in the past month 21.3%
Stayed in own home in the past month 6.4%
Unsheltered last night 2326
Stayed in multiple housing situations in the past month 37.1%
Stayed in shelter in the past month 5%
Stayed in doubled up or self-paid hotel in the past month 15.9%
Stayed in own home in the past month 0.2%
Sheltered last night 594
Stayed in multiple housing situations in the past month 30.8%
Stayed in unsheltered situation in the past month 32%
Stayed in doubled up or self-paid hotel in the past month 15.2%
Stayed in own home in the past month 0.3%
Doubled up or self-paid hotel stay last night 348
Stayed in multiple housing situations in the past month 51.4%
Stayed in unsheltered situation in the past month 50%
Stayed in shelter in the past month 13.8%
Stayed in own home in the past month 0.9%
Housed in own home last night 240
Stayed in multiple housing situations in the past month 16.7%
Stayed in unsheltered situation in the past month 9.2%
Stayed in shelter in the past month 7.5%
Stayed in doubled up or self-paid hotel in the past month 9.2%




7.3 Persistence categories

Current definitions of persistence categories are:

  • Ever housed and remained/currently housed
  • Ever sheltered and currently sheltered (could be persistently sheltered or went into housing and returned to shelter)
  • Ever sheltered/housed and currently unsheltered
  • Persistently unsheltered (i.e., always unsheltered)

Below are results from persistence categories up until the last monthly for respondents with 3 or more monthlies since September 2023.

Prefer not to answer responses for stratifying variables are coded as “Missing”

Overall
Characteristic N = 8621
Persistence categories of last night housing (ever,with at least 3 monthlies)
    Persistently unsheltered 205.0 (43.0%)
    Ever sheltered/housed/doubled-up & currently unsheltered 97.0 (20.3%)
    Ever sheltered & currently sheltered 83.0 (17.4%)
    Ever doubled-up and currently doubled-up 50.0 (10.5%)
    Ever housed and currently housed 42.0 (8.8%)
    Uncategorized 385
1 n (%)
By demographics, housing status, and policing experiences
Characteristic Persistently unsheltered, N = 2051 Ever sheltered/housed/doubled-up & currently unsheltered, N = 971 Ever sheltered & currently sheltered, N = 831 Ever doubled-up and currently doubled-up, N = 501 Ever housed and currently housed, N = 421 p-value2
Race/ethnicity (condensed)





    White (NH) 65 (31.7%) 33 (34.0%) 14 (16.9%) 7 (14.0%) 13 (31.0%)
    Black/African American (NH) 48 (23.4%) 30 (30.9%) 32 (38.6%) 14 (28.0%) 12 (28.6%)
    Any Hispanic/Latino 76 (37.1%) 22 (22.7%) 25 (30.1%) 22 (44.0%) 16 (38.1%)
    Other/Multiracial 16 (7.8%) 12 (12.4%) 12 (14.5%) 7 (14.0%) 1 (2.4%)
Ever cited across all monthly observations 35 (17.1%) 30 (30.9%) 14 (16.9%) 8 (16.0%) 6 (14.3%) 0.035
Ever swept across all monthly observations 113 (64.9%) 59 (77.6%) 39 (56.5%) 23 (54.8%) 13 (35.1%) <0.001
Last night housing status (prescreen)





    Unsheltered 202 (98.5%) 82 (84.5%) 50 (60.2%) 37 (74.0%) 29 (69.0%)
    Sheltered 1 (0.5%) 9 (9.3%) 30 (36.1%) 9 (18.0%) 9 (21.4%)
    Housed 2 (1.0%) 6 (6.2%) 3 (3.6%) 4 (8.0%) 4 (9.5%)
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test

7.4 Housing pathway

Characteristic N = 4181
months_from_ps 10 (7), 9 (1, 26)
Number of surveys completed for id 10 (8), 7 (3, 33)
1 Mean (SD), Median (Range)
Housing trajectories among respondents who were unsheltered in the past month at prescreen & have 3 or more monthlies, N=418
Housing status n %
Currently housed in own home 31 7.4
Currently doubled up or living in self-paid hotel 41 9.8
Currently sheltered 52 12.4
Currently unsheltered 287 68.7
Persistently unsheltered* 204 71.1
Ever entered temporary shelter (& currently unsheltered)* 55 13.2
Ever been doubled up (& currently unsheltered)* 51 12.2
Ever entered own housing (& currently unsheltered)* 5 1.2
*= percentage is calculated out of respondents who are currently unsheltered. Prefer not to answer responses are not shown but factored into percentage calculations

8 Housing preferences

Housing preferences at month 1

Prefer not to answer responses for stratifying variables are coded as “Missing.”

Overall (among all respondents who completed a monthly)
Characteristic N = 8621
Total housing needs selected (out of 7) 1.8 (1.30)
Total housing barriers selected (out of 7) 2.5 (1.89)
Housing need: Storage for possessions 37%
Housing need: Pets 34%
Housing need: Partner/spouse/child/roommate 43%
Housing need: Particular neighborhood 14%
Housing issues: Lack of privacy 53%
Housing issues: Unsafe 50%
Housing issues: Poor cleanliness 42%
Housing issues: Hours/curfew 39%
Housing issues: Negative interactions with staff 32%
Housing interest: Safe camping 16%
Housing interest: Congregate shelter 4%
Housing interest: Private room in shelter with shared bathrooms 22%
Housing interest: Temp stay in motel/hotel 51%
Housing interest: Bridge housing 16%
Housing interest: Other transitional living 22%
Housing interest: Shared living situation (w/ own room) 24%
Housing interest: Supportive housing 53%
Housing interest: Recovery/sober living housing 6%
Housing interest: Tiny home 38%
1 Mean (SD); %
By persistence categories (among respondents with at least 3 monthlies)
Characteristic Persistently unsheltered, N = 2051 Ever sheltered/housed/doubled-up & currently unsheltered, N = 971 Ever sheltered & currently sheltered, N = 831 Ever doubled-up and currently doubled-up, N = 501 Ever housed and currently housed, N = 421 p-value2
Total housing needs selected (out of 7) 1.9 (1.19) 1.8 (1.28) 1.9 (1.60) 1.4 (1.16) 1.7 (1.19) 0.2
Total housing barriers selected (out of 7) 2.7 (1.89) 2.7 (1.88) 2.5 (1.79) 2.1 (1.64) 2.5 (2.11) 0.4
Housing need: Storage for possessions 39% 32% 39% 35% 35% >0.9
Housing need: Pets 37% 36% 33% 22% 26%
Housing need: Partner/spouse/child/roommate 43% 51% 37% 37% 44%
Housing need: Particular neighborhood 16% 22% 17% 9% 18% 0.8
Housing issues: Lack of privacy 61% 52% 52% 52% 52%
Housing issues: Unsafe 58% 54% 54% 50% 43%
Housing issues: Poor cleanliness 45% 42% 40% 38% 45% 0.9
Housing issues: Hours/curfew 37% 44% 37% 36% 36%
Housing issues: Negative interactions with staff 34% 34% 39% 20% 29%
Housing interest: Safe camping 19% 10% 17% 6% 7%
Housing interest: Congregate shelter 2% 6% 13% 2% 5%
Housing interest: Private room in shelter with shared bathrooms 15% 25% 37% 24% 17%
Housing interest: Temp stay in motel/hotel 56% 48% 49% 44% 50%
Housing interest: Bridge housing 12% 16% 32% 6% 26%
Housing interest: Other transitional living 19% 16% 35% 18% 24%
Housing interest: Shared living situation (w/ own room) 22% 18% 29% 20% 29%
Housing interest: Supportive housing 52% 53% 57% 56% 57% >0.9
Housing interest: Recovery/sober living housing 5% 11% 11% 2% 7% 0.3
Housing interest: Tiny home 38% 28% 38% 53% 38% 0.8
1 Mean (SD); %
2 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test
By persistence categories (combined)
Characteristic Persistently unsheltered, N = 2051 Ever sheltered/housed/doubled up & currently unsheltered, N = 971 Ever sheltered & currently sheltered, N = 831 Ever housed/doubled-up & currently housed/doubled-up, N = 921 p-value2
Total housing needs selected (out of 7) 1.9 (1.19) 1.8 (1.28) 1.9 (1.60) 1.6 (1.17) 0.2
Total housing barriers selected (out of 7) 2.7 (1.89) 2.7 (1.88) 2.5 (1.79) 2.3 (1.87) 0.4
Housing need: Storage for possessions 39% 32% 39% 35% >0.9
Housing need: Pets 37% 36% 33% 24% 0.5
Housing need: Partner/spouse/child/roommate 43% 51% 37% 40% 0.6
Housing need: Particular neighborhood 16% 22% 17% 13% 0.8
Housing issues: Lack of privacy 61% 52% 52% 52% 0.6
Housing issues: Unsafe 58% 54% 54% 47% 0.7
Housing issues: Poor cleanliness 45% 42% 40% 41% >0.9
Housing issues: Hours/curfew 37% 44% 37% 36%
Housing issues: Negative interactions with staff 34% 34% 39% 24%
Housing interest: Safe camping 19% 10% 17% 7% 0.058
Housing interest: Congregate shelter 2% 6% 13% 3% 0.015
Housing interest: Private room in shelter with shared bathrooms 15% 25% 37% 21%
Housing interest: Temp stay in motel/hotel 56% 48% 49% 47% 0.6
Housing interest: Bridge housing 12% 16% 32% 15% 0.007
Housing interest: Other transitional living 19% 16% 35% 21% 0.039
Housing interest: Shared living situation (w/ own room) 22% 18% 29% 24% 0.5
Housing interest: Supportive housing 52% 53% 57% 57% 0.9
Housing interest: Recovery/sober living housing 5% 11% 11% 4% 0.2
Housing interest: Tiny home 38% 28% 38% 48% 0.8
1 Mean (SD); %
2 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test
By past experiences of being swept (ever, among respondents who completed a monthly since April 2023)
Characteristic Never swept, N = 2401 Ever swept, N = 3601 p-value2
Total housing needs selected (out of 7) 1.6 (1.30) 1.9 (1.31) 0.009
Total housing barriers selected (out of 7) 2.5 (1.93) 2.4 (1.90) 0.6
Housing need: Storage for possessions 34% 40% 0.4
Housing need: Pets 29% 39% 0.044
Housing need: Partner/spouse/child/roommate 40% 46% 0.3
Housing need: Particular neighborhood 13% 14% 0.8
Housing issues: Lack of privacy 53% 51% 0.6
Housing issues: Unsafe 51% 51% 0.7
Housing issues: Poor cleanliness 46% 39% 0.13
Housing issues: Hours/curfew 36% 40% 0.5
Housing issues: Negative interactions with staff 34% 28% 0.2
Housing interest: Safe camping 10% 20% 0.003
Housing interest: Congregate shelter 4% 6% 0.4
Housing interest: Private room in shelter with shared bathrooms 23% 23% >0.9
Housing interest: Temp stay in motel/hotel 51% 53% 0.8
Housing interest: Bridge housing 20% 14% 0.2
Housing interest: Other transitional living 24% 22% 0.8
Housing interest: Shared living situation (w/ own room) 26% 21% 0.4
Housing interest: Supportive housing 60% 49% 0.044
Housing interest: Recovery/sober living housing 3% 11% 0.002
Housing interest: Tiny home 45% 38% 0.3
1 Mean (SD); %
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test
By housing status at last observation among all respondents
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 6021 Sheltered, N = 1171 Doubled up/self-paid hotel, N = 641 Housed in own home, N = 451 p-value2
Total housing needs selected (out of 7) 1.8 (1.26) 1.7 (1.48) 1.4 (1.19) 1.6 (1.09) 0.064
Total housing barriers selected (out of 7) 2.6 (1.92) 2.5 (1.78) 2.2 (1.72) 2.3 (2.08) 0.5
Housing need: Storage for possessions 37% 35% 34% 30%
Housing need: Pets 37% 28% 19% 27%
Housing need: Partner/spouse/child/roommate 46% 36% 33% 41%
Housing need: Particular neighborhood 14% 16% 12% 14%
Housing issues: Lack of privacy 55% 49% 53% 47%
Housing issues: Unsafe 50% 50% 50% 44% >0.9
Housing issues: Poor cleanliness 42% 45% 36% 42%
Housing issues: Hours/curfew 41% 40% 38% 33%
Housing issues: Negative interactions with staff 32% 37% 23% 27%
Housing interest: Safe camping 19% 14% 6% 7%
Housing interest: Congregate shelter 4% 9% 2% 4% 0.13
Housing interest: Private room in shelter with shared bathrooms 21% 31% 23% 13%
Housing interest: Temp stay in motel/hotel 53% 45% 47% 47%
Housing interest: Bridge housing 14% 30% 6% 24%
Housing interest: Other transitional living 21% 28% 20% 22%
Housing interest: Shared living situation (w/ own room) 23% 28% 25% 24%
Housing interest: Supportive housing 53% 53% 53% 56%
Housing interest: Recovery/sober living housing 6% 8% 2% 7% 0.5
Housing interest: Tiny home 39% 38% 38% 27% 0.7
1 Mean (SD); %
2 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test
By shelter status at last observation among all respondents
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 6021 Sheltered, N = 1171 p-value2
Total housing needs selected (out of 7) 1.8 (1.26) 1.7 (1.48) 0.2
Total housing barriers selected (out of 7) 2.6 (1.92) 2.5 (1.78) >0.9
Housing need: Storage for possessions 37% 35% 0.4
Housing need: Pets 37% 28% 0.083
Housing need: Partner/spouse/child/roommate 46% 36% 0.039
Housing need: Particular neighborhood 14% 16% 0.4
Housing issues: Lack of privacy 55% 49% 0.5
Housing issues: Unsafe 50% 50% >0.9
Housing issues: Poor cleanliness 42% 45% 0.9
Housing issues: Hours/curfew 41% 40% >0.9
Housing issues: Negative interactions with staff 32% 37% 0.6
Housing interest: Safe camping 19% 14% 0.5
Housing interest: Congregate shelter 4% 9% 0.037
Housing interest: Private room in shelter with shared bathrooms 21% 31% 0.074
Housing interest: Temp stay in motel/hotel 53% 45% 0.2
Housing interest: Bridge housing 14% 30% <0.001
Housing interest: Other transitional living 21% 28% 0.3
Housing interest: Shared living situation (w/ own room) 23% 28% 0.5
Housing interest: Supportive housing 53% 53% >0.9
Housing interest: Recovery/sober living housing 6% 8% 0.8
Housing interest: Tiny home 39% 38% >0.9
1 Mean (SD); %
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test
By shelter status at last observation among respondents unsheltered at prescreen
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 5751 Sheltered, N = 691 p-value2
Total housing needs selected (out of 7) 1.8 (1.27) 1.7 (1.42) 0.5
Total housing barriers selected (out of 7) 2.5 (1.92) 2.5 (1.90) 0.8
Housing need: Storage for possessions 37% 38% >0.9
Housing need: Pets 36% 31% 0.6
Housing need: Partner/spouse/child/roommate 46% 35% 0.2
Housing need: Particular neighborhood 14% 12% 0.9
Housing issues: Lack of privacy 54% 49% 0.5
Housing issues: Unsafe 50% 51% 0.7
Housing issues: Poor cleanliness 42% 39% 0.7
Housing issues: Hours/curfew 41% 39% 0.8
Housing issues: Negative interactions with staff 32% 33% 0.7
Housing interest: Safe camping 19% 14% 0.7
Housing interest: Congregate shelter 4% 12% 0.015
Housing interest: Private room in shelter with shared bathrooms 21% 33% 0.052
Housing interest: Temp stay in motel/hotel 54% 57% 0.8
Housing interest: Bridge housing 14% 28% 0.016
Housing interest: Other transitional living 21% 29% 0.2
Housing interest: Shared living situation (w/ own room) 23% 25% 0.8
Housing interest: Supportive housing 53% 51% 0.9
Housing interest: Recovery/sober living housing 6% 10% 0.4
Housing interest: Tiny home 40% 31% 0.6
1 Mean (SD); %
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test

9 Access indicators

All monthlies since April 2023

Prefer not to answer responses for the outcomes are not shown but factored into the percent calculations. Prefer not to answer responses for the stratifying variables are coded as “Missing”.

Basic needs among all respondents between April 2023 to April 2024, by swept status in current month
Characteristic Not swept, N = 1,8741 Swept, N = 1,1111 p-value2
Healthcare: >=1 ER or Hospital visit, past 30 days 11% 21% <0.001
Missed any scheduled doc/provider appts, past 2 weeks 15% 23% <0.001
Health care: Wanted or needed health care but couldn't get it, past 30 days 19% 31% <0.001
Food insecure - past week 55% 80% <0.001
Self-rated physical health - Poor/Fair 53% 61% <0.001
Anxiety (GAD2) 40% 54% <0.001
Depression (PHQ2) 41% 52% <0.001
Sleep: Poor/Very poor quality of sleep, past week 37% 52% <0.001
Weekly illicit drug use 17% 33% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
Basic needs among all respondents between April 2023 to April 2024, by swept status in previous month
Characteristic Not swept, N = 1,5651 Swept, N = 8871 p-value2
Healthcare: >=1 ER or Hospital visit, past 30 days 10% 19% <0.001
Missed any scheduled doc/provider appts, past 2 weeks 15% 23% <0.001
Health care: Wanted or needed health care but couldn't get it, past 30 days 17% 28% <0.001
Food insecure - past week 56% 75% <0.001
Self-rated physical health - Poor/Fair 54% 61% <0.001
Anxiety (GAD2) 39% 52% <0.001
Depression (PHQ2) 41% 50% <0.001
Sleep: Poor/Very poor quality of sleep, past week 36% 51% <0.001
Weekly illicit drug use 17% 32% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
Basic needs among unsheltered respondents between April 2023 to April 2024, by swept status in current month
Characteristic Not swept, N = 1,1041 Swept, N = 8691 p-value2
Healthcare: >=1 ER or Hospital visit, past 30 days 11% 21% <0.001
Missed any scheduled doc/provider appts, past 2 weeks 14% 23% <0.001
Health care: Wanted or needed health care but couldn't get it, past 30 days 20% 30% <0.001
Food insecure - past week 67% 81% <0.001
Self-rated physical health - Poor/Fair 53% 64% <0.001
Anxiety (GAD2) 39% 54% <0.001
Depression (PHQ2) 39% 52% <0.001
Sleep: Poor/Very poor quality of sleep, past week 41% 53% <0.001
Weekly illicit drug use 19% 33% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
Basic needs among unsheltered respondents between April 2023 to April 2024, by swept status in previous month
Characteristic Not swept, N = 8971 Swept, N = 6561 p-value2
Healthcare: >=1 ER or Hospital visit, past 30 days 10% 19% <0.001
Missed any scheduled doc/provider appts, past 2 weeks 13% 22% <0.001
Health care: Wanted or needed health care but couldn't get it, past 30 days 17% 26% <0.001
Food insecure - past week 69% 78% <0.001
Self-rated physical health - Poor/Fair 56% 64% 0.002
Anxiety (GAD2) 37% 51% <0.001
Depression (PHQ2) 40% 49% <0.001
Sleep: Poor/Very poor quality of sleep, past week 41% 51% <0.001
Weekly illicit drug use 20% 31% <0.001
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
Basic needs among all respondents across all monthlies, by current month housing status
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 3,6661 Sheltered, N = 9001 Doubled up/self-paid hotel, N = 5381 Housed in own home, N = 3081 p-value2
Healthcare: >=1 ER or Hospital visit, past 30 days 14% 16% 10% 9% <0.001
Missed any scheduled doc/provider appts, past 2 weeks 17% 19% 16% 17% 0.6
Health care: Wanted or needed health care but couldn't get it, past 30 days 23% 23% 19% 15% 0.019
Food insecure - past week 70% 40% 55% 36% <0.001
Self-rated physical health - Poor/Fair 53% 53% 50% 53% 0.7
Anxiety (GAD2) 44% 51% 46% 39% <0.001
Depression (PHQ2) 43% 49% 44% 41% 0.015
Sleep: Poor/Very poor quality of sleep, past week 45% 42% 34% 27% <0.001
Weekly illicit drug use 24% 18% 21% 19% 0.006
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
Basic needs among respondents unsheltered at prescreen across all monthlies, by current month housing status
Characteristic Unsheltered, N = 3,5261 Sheltered, N = 4631 Doubled up/self-paid hotel, N = 4331 Housed in own home, N = 1871 p-value2
Healthcare: >=1 ER or Hospital visit, past 30 days 14% 17% 10% 6% <0.001
Missed any scheduled doc/provider appts, past 2 weeks 17% 18% 16% 14% 0.6
Health care: Wanted or needed health care but couldn't get it, past 30 days 23% 26% 19% 13% 0.006
Food insecure - past week 70% 48% 52% 34% <0.001
Self-rated physical health - Poor/Fair 52% 46% 47% 47% 0.011
Anxiety (GAD2) 44% 48% 45% 41% 0.2
Depression (PHQ2) 43% 48% 43% 43% 0.2
Sleep: Poor/Very poor quality of sleep, past week 45% 41% 33% 17% <0.001
Weekly illicit drug use 24% 27% 24% 18% 0.2
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
Basic needs among all respondents sheltered at current month across all monthlies, by shelter type
Characteristic Hotel provided by agency, N = 2721 Other type of interim shelter, N = 6281 p-value2
Healthcare: >=1 ER or Hospital visit, past 30 days 13% 17% 0.2
Missed any scheduled doc/provider appts, past 2 weeks 11% 22% <0.001
Health care: Wanted or needed health care but couldn't get it, past 30 days 19% 24% 0.15
Food insecure - past week 27% 45% <0.001
Self-rated physical health - Poor/Fair 63% 49% <0.001
Anxiety (GAD2) 55% 50% 0.15
Depression (PHQ2) 54% 47% 0.042
Sleep: Poor/Very poor quality of sleep, past week 43% 42% 0.7
Weekly illicit drug use 23% 15% 0.012
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test
Basic needs among respondents unsheltered at prescreen but sheltered at current month across all monthlies, by shelter type
Characteristic Hotel provided by agency, N = 1401 Other type of interim shelter, N = 3231 p-value2
Healthcare: >=1 ER or Hospital visit, past 30 days 15% 18% 0.4
Missed any scheduled doc/provider appts, past 2 weeks 11% 22% 0.007
Health care: Wanted or needed health care but couldn't get it, past 30 days 24% 28% 0.4
Food insecure - past week 39% 52% 0.012
Self-rated physical health - Poor/Fair 52% 44% 0.11
Anxiety (GAD2) 51% 47% 0.5
Depression (PHQ2) 49% 48% >0.9
Sleep: Poor/Very poor quality of sleep, past week 35% 45% 0.067
Weekly illicit drug use 35% 23% 0.020
1 %
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test